Tasly Bitter Melon Powder

Functions

1. Relieve insulin resistance
2. Relieve Metabolic Syndrome 

Ingredients
Bitter Melon Powder
Dosage
2 capsules PO tid
Take 30min ac
Package
500mg x 30 capsules

Price

N9,400

Content

P –insulin

Chromium

Charatin

P- insulin acts as insulin substitute and helps to restore insulin’s function. It helps in the treatment of diabetes type 1&2. It also helps to reduce blood sugar & blood lipid thereby preventing diabetes. 

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Treatment of Diabetes

A landmark study, the 10-year, multi-center Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), has now shown that intensifying diabetes management with stricter control of blood sugar levels can reduce long-term complications.

The results of DCCT are extraordinary in that they prove that tight control of glucose levels can in fact dramatically slow the onset and progression of diabetic complications in both Type I and Type II diabetes. Additionally, researchers have found strict attention to diet and exercise also helps in the management of diabetes.

• Management of Type I Diabetes

Virtually everyone with Type I diabetes (and more than one in three people with Type II) must inject insulin to make up for their deficiency. Until recently, insulin came only from the pancreases of cows and pigs (with pork insulin more closely duplicating human insulin). While beef, pork and beef/pork combinations are still widely used, there are now two types of "human" insulin available: semisynthetic (made by converting pork insulin to a form identical to human) and recombinant (made by using genetic engineering). All insulin helps glucose levels remain near normal (about 70 to 120 mg/dl).

Different types of insulin work for different periods of time. The numbers shown below are only averages. The onset (how long it takes to reach the bloodstream to begin lowering the blood sugar), peaking (how long it takes to reach maximum strength) and duration (how long it continues to lower the blood sugar) of insulin activity can vary from person to person and even from day to day in the same person.

Rapid or Regular Activity: Onset is within half an hour and activity peaks during a 2 to 5 hour period. It remains in the bloodstream for about 8 to 16 hours. These fast-acting, short-lasting insulins are useful in special cases: accidents, minor surgery or illnesses, which cause the diabetes to go out of control or whenever insulin requirements change rapidly for any reason. These are also being used more and more in combination with a long-acting insulin or alone (prior to meals and at bedtime).

Semilente: A special type of short-acting insulin that takes 1 to 2 hours for onset, peaks 3 to 8 hours after injection and lasts 10 to 16 hours.

Intermediate-Acting: Reaching the bloodstream 90 minutes after injection, intermediate-acting insulin peaks 4 to 12 hours later and lasts in the blood for about 24 hours. There are two varieties of this type of insulin: Lente (called L) and NPH (called N).

Long-Acting: These insulins, which take 4 to 6 hours for onset, are at maximum strength 14 to 24 hours after injection, lasting 36 hours in the bloodstream. Long-acting insulin is referred to as U (for Ultralente).

Please be aware of the following problems that exist with insulin intake:

• Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) is sometimes called an insulin reaction or insulin shock. It can occur suddenly in people using insulin if too little food is eaten, if a meal is delayed or in the case of extreme exercise. Symptoms include feeling cold, clammy, nervous, shaky, weak or hungry, and some people become pale, have headaches or act strangely.
• Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) occurs when too much food is eaten or not enough insulin is taken. The warning signs are large amounts of sugar in the urine and blood, frequent urination, great thirst and nausea.
• Ketoacidosis (in its most severe form - diabetic coma) develops when insulin and blood sugar are so out of balance that ketones accumulate in the blood. Symptoms include high blood sugar or ketones in the urine, dry mouth, great thirst, loss of appetite, excessive urination, dry and flushed skin, labored breathing, fruity-smelling breath and possible vomiting, abdominal pain and unconsciousness.

In addition to daily injections of insulin, regular physical activity and a controlled diet are essential. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends the following daily dietary guidelines:

• Up to 70 percent of all calories should be obtained from carbohydrates and unsaturated fats. These carbohydrates should be mainly complex carbohydrates and naturally occurring sugars (simular to those in milk and fruits). Examples of unsaturated fats are vegetable oils and margarine.
• Between 10 and 20 percent of calories should be obtained from protein.
• Less than 10 percent of all calories should be obtained from fat. Saturated fats are found in animal products and in some vegetable oils (such as coconut, palm, and palm-kernel oils).
• Eat 30 to 35 grams of fiber.
• Eat no more than 300 mg of cholesterol.

For Type I diabetes, the meal plan should be tailored to the person's individual needs and is likely to include three meals and two or three snacks a day. A person with diabetes must eat these meals and snacks at set times each day to properly balance insulin.

• Management of Type II Diabetes

The ADA recommends diet (see ADA guidelines stated above) and regular physical activity as the first line of treatment for Type II diabetes. If normal glycemic levels are not achieved within three (3) months, drug treatment is recommended.

Currently there are four (4) classes of prescription drugs available for the treatment of Type II diabetes:

1. Sulfonylureas (Diabinese, Dymelor, PresTab, Orinase, Tolinase, Micronase, DiaBeta, Glynase, Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL and Amaryl), which stimulate the pancreas to release more insulin.
2. Biguanides (Glucophage and Metformin), which keep the liver from releasing too much glucose.
3. Alpha-glucoside inhibitors (Precose), which slow the digestion of some carbohydrates.
4. Thiazolidinediones, which control glucose levels by making muscles more sensitive to insulin and reduce the amount of glucose that the liver produces.

Clinical trials suggest that oral antidiabetic agents - particularly the new noninsulin secretagogues (including Troglitazone and Metformin, which act on the liver and skeletal muscle) - may be useful in delaying or preventing development of Type II diabetes. Both agents, acting primarily by different mechanisms of action, also have demonstrated potential beneficial effects on serum lipid profiles.

Although these oral medications work in different ways, they can be combined to work more effectively to manage Type II diabetes. When these combinations of oral treatments are no longer effective (for about 60 percent of people with Type II diabetes), the doctor will start a regimen of insulin alone or in combination with an oral medication.

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Questions To Ask Your Doctor About Diabetes

1. How often does the blood sugar need to be checked?
2. What are the best monitoring techniques for this?
3. How do you measure glucose levels?
4. What type of insulin or insulins will you be prescribing?
5. Who would help in learning about and giving injections?
6. Do you have a dietitian you could recommend?
7. How much can exercise and diet control the diabetes?
8. Is there information available or assistance on planning a regular exercise program?
9. What is important for family members to learn also?
10. How do you recognize a diabetic reaction and when should a doctor be notified?
11. What are the signs and symptoms of insulin deficit and excess?
12. What measure should be taken for either condition?
13. Are there any other signs or symptoms that need to be reported to the doctor?
14. When traveling, is an adjustment in the insulin dose needed?
15. Can OTC medications be taken?
16. If so, what is the medication and what are the side effects?
17. (Women) Should there be a concern about taking menopause-based medicine with insulin?

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Diagnosis of Diabetes

1. Besides a complete history and physical examination, the doctors will perform a battery of laboratory tests. There are numerous tests available to diagnose diabetes, such as a urine test, blood test, glucose-tolerance test, fasting blood sugar and the glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) test.
2. A urine sample will be tested for glucose and ketones (acids that collect in the blood and urine when the body uses fat instead of glucose for energy).
3. A blood test is used to measure the amount of glucose in the bloodstream.
4. A glucose-tolerance test checks the body's ability to process glucose. During this test, sugar levels in the blood and urine are monitored for three hours after drinking a large dose of sugar solution.
5. The fasting blood sugar test involves fasting overnight and blood being drawn the next morning.
6. The glycohemoglobin test reflects an average of all blood sugar levels for the preceding two months.

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Description of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by the inability of the pancreas to produce insulin or to use the insulin produced in the proper way. Diabetes is the 7th leading cause of death among Americans; over 15 million Americans suffer from one form or another of this disease.

After a meal, a portion of the food a person eats is broken down into sugar (glucose). The sugar then passes into the bloodstream and to the body's cells via a hormone (called insulin) that is produced by the pancreas.

Normally, the pancreas produces the right amount of insulin to accommodate the quantity of sugar. However, if the person has diabetes, either the pancreas produces little or no insulin or the cells do not respond normally to the insulin. Sugar builds up in the blood, overflows into the urine and then passes from the body unused. Over time, high blood sugar levels can damage:

• eyes - leading to diabetic retinopathy and possible blindness
• blood vessels - increasing risk of heart attack, stroke and peripheral artery obstruction
• nerves - leading to diabetic neuropathy, foot sores and possible amputation, possible paralysis of the stomach, chronic diarrhea
• kidneys - leading to kidney failure

Diabetes has also been linked to impotence and digestive problems. It is important to note that controlling blood pressure and blood glucose levels, plus regular screenings and check-ups, can help reduce risks of these complications.

There are two main types of diabetes, Type I and Type II:

Type I diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes (formerly called juvenile-onset diabetes, because it tends to affect persons before the age of 20) affects about 10 percent of people with diabetes. With this type of diabetes, the pancreas makes almost no insulin.

Type II diabetes or non-insulin-dependent diabetes. This was previously called "adult-onset diabetes" because in the past it was usually discovered after age 40. However, with increasing levels of obesity and sedentary lifestyle, this disease is now being found more and more in adolescents - and sometimes even in children under 10 - and the term "adult onset" is no longer used.

Type II diabetes comprises about 90 percent of all cases of diabetes. With this type of diabetes, either the pancreas produces a reduced amount of insulin, the cells do not respond to the insulin, or both.

There are three less common types of diabetes called gestational diabetes, secondary diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT):

Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy and causes a higher than normal glucose level reading.

Secondary diabetes is caused by damage to the pancreas from chemicals, certain medications, diseases of the pancreas (such as cancer) or other glands.

Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is a condition in which the person's glucose levels are higher than normal.

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The Differences between Diabetes Insipidus and Diabetes Mellitus

Trying to explain what diabetes Insipidus is can be challenging enough, without having it confused with "the other diabetes"-sugar diabetes (diabetes mellitus). Both share the word "diabetes" in the name, and both involve thirst and frequent urination, although in DI, urination is more frequent and in much greater volumes than the more common sugar diabetes, and the urine is subsequently extremely dilute and a very pale yellow color or almost clear. But beyond that, there's not much else in common. Some people with DI refer to their condition as either "central DI" or "nephrogenic DI" (depending on what's applicable), because it avoids the confusion caused when people not familiar with DI hear the word diabetes.

The more you know about both diabetes Insipidus and diabetes mellitus, the better able you are to explain your condition to others-from family members to primary care physicians or emergency technicians.

A good starting place is to know the meaning of the words themselves. Diabetes is derived from the Greek verb diabainein, which means to stand with legs apart, as in urination. Diabetes mellitus means, literally honey-sweet urine (back when doctors would sometimes actually taste people's urine to make a diagnosis). Diabetes Insipidus means bland or insipid urine.

There are four forms of DI: central DI (also referred to as pituitary or neurogenic DI), nephrogenic DI, gestational DI and dipsogenic DI. DI is caused by the lack of the antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) or the kidney's inability to respond to this hormone.

Sugar diabetes, or diabetes mellitus, comes in two different forms: adult-onset diabetes and insulin-dependent diabetes. Sugar diabetes is caused by lack of the hormone insulin. Not only are DI and sugar diabetes separate conditions, but the diagnostic tests and treatments are different, as well.

The table below sums up the major differences:

	Central DI	Nephrogenic DI	Diabetes Mellitus
How common is the condition?	Uncommon	Uncommon	Common
What causes the condition?	The pituitary is unable to secrete vasopressin or the hypothalamus is unable to make vasopressin.	The kidneys are unable to respond to the diuretic hormone vasopressin. It is acquired (as in lithium-induced nephrogenic DI) or may be inherited, usually by male children.	Not enough of the hormone insulin is secreted, or the body's cells do not respond to it. Heredity, stress, obesity, pregnancy and drugs can also lead to diabetes mellitus.
What do these hormones do in our bodies?	Vasopressin is a diuretic hormone that controls water metabolism. It is made in the hypothalamus (a part of the brain) and is stored and secreted by the posterior pituitary gland (also in the brain).	It causes the kidney to reabsorb water. Water that is not absorbed is released to the bladder as urine.	Insulin is made in the pancreas, where it controls carbohydrate metabolism. It controls sugar (glucose) levels in the body.
How do I know if I have this condition?	Sudden or gradual urination of large amounts of clear, or almost colorless urine (polyuria), accompanied by excessive thirst (polydipsia). Dehydration can occur if fluid balance is not maintained.	Sudden or gradual urination of large amounts of clear, colorless urine (polyuria), accompanied by excessive thirst (polydipsia). Dehydration can occur if fluid balance is not maintained.	Excessive urination (polyuria), excessive thirst (polydipsia), excessive appetite (polyphagia). You may experience a sudden or gradual change with no symptoms. Other symptoms include tiredness, weight gain or loss, and skin infections that do not heal.
How is the condition diagnosed?	Water deprivation test/vasopressin test. Also, MRI to determine if the post pituitary bright spot is present.	Water deprivation test/vasopressin test.	Fast blood sugar-24hr. post-prandial test. Glucose tolerance test.
How is the condition managed?	Balance fluid intake and urine output. Replace antidiuretic hormone, vasopressin (usually with synthetic hormone: desmopressin), find, if possible, underlying injury to pituitary gland that is causing the condition.	Balance urine output with fluid intake. Treatment with thiazide and potassium-sparing diuretics. Low-sodium diet (500-600 mg/day or less for adults; 300 - 500 mg/day for children).	Correct sugar/insulin intake. Prevent progression of disease. Change the diet. Oral medication.

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